Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) indirectly increase the production of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the liver by elevating the levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) and reducing cellular palmitate levels. Experiments with HepG2 cells and transgenic mice showed that prolonged thyroid hormone treatment raises SHBG mRNA and protein levels while enhancing HNF-4alpha expression. The response depends on reduced palmitate levels and HNF-4alpha activity, as blocking these pathways inhibits SHBG production. These findings demonstrate that thyroid hormones regulate SHBG indirectly through metabolic and transcriptional changes.
A Role for Iodide and Thyroglobulin in Modulating the Function of Human Immune Cells
Increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity
